How Sanger DNA sequencing enables cutting-edge research opportunities

Developed by Frederick Sanger, the Sanger DNA sequencing method, also known as the chain termination method, has been foundational in the evolution of DNA sequencing technology. This technique, pivotal during the Human Genome Project, continues to play a significant role in the research endeavours of Source Genomics, complementing large-scale next-generation sequencing (NGS) with its unique capabilities.

The Mechanism of Sanger Sequencing

Sanger sequencing, one of the foremost sequencing methods, involves the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) into a growing DNA strand. The process starts with single-stranded DNA, to which a DNA polymerase adds nucleotides. Incorporating a fluorescent label-tagged ddNTP terminates the extension, resulting in fragments of varying lengths. Capillary electrophoresis, a modern alternative to traditional gel electrophoresis, separates these fragments, allowing researchers to determine the sequence of the DNA.

Applications in Research

1. Genetic Analysis and Diagnostics
   Utilising polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify DNA samples, Sanger sequencing can be leveraged for precise mutation analysis. This method’s ability to accurately identify single nucleotide changes is crucial in genetic screening, especially for diseases caused by specific mutations in double-stranded DNA.
   
2. Pharmacogenomics
   In pharmacogenomics, Sanger sequencing aids in examining genetic variations that affect drug responses. Sequencing specific DNA regions provides crucial data for developing personalised medical treatments.
   
3. Microbial Genomics
   For microbial genomics, Sanger sequencing’s precision is vital. It allows the sequencing of specific genetic markers, like 16S rRNA genes, to identify and classify bacterial strains, which is essential for understanding antibiotic resistance and pathogen evolution.
   
4. Biotechnology
   Sanger sequencing’s role extends to biotechnology, where it confirms the accuracy of genetic modifications in organisms. This verification is crucial for both the safety and efficacy of biotechnological products and processes.

Sanger Sequencing in the Context of NGS

While NGS offers high-throughput options for sequencing large-scale DNA samples, Sanger sequencing remains the gold standard for specific applications due to its unparalleled accuracy in sequencing short DNA fragments. This accuracy is particularly important in sequencing critical regions, such as those involved in genetic disorders or pharmacogenomic applications.

Looking for a Global Sanger Sequencing Partner?

With its historical significance and ongoing relevance, Sanger sequencing continues to be a cornerstone in DNA sequencing technology. It remains essential for a range of scientific inquiries from detailed genetic analysis to large-scale genomic studies.

At Source Genomics, we provide Sanger sequencing services to the life science industry. Our 20 years of experience in the field has culminated in the SpeedREAD™ data delivery system that provides high-quality data retrieval within 12 hours from sample receipt. We understand the challenges inherent in an unerring commitment to quality but with rapid turnaround times. That is why we have focused on streamlining our Sanger sequencing services to ensure we never compromise on quality and that our services are among the fastest worldwide.

If you are interested, why not book a free consultation today? Otherwise, contact us for more information.

• Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR. “DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977;74(12):5463-5467.
• Lander ES, et al. “Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.” Nature. 2001;409(6822):860-921.
• Metzker ML. “Sequencing technologies – the next generation.” Nat Rev Genet. 2010;11(1):31-46.
• Hebert PD, Cywinska A, Ball SL, deWaard JR. “Biological identifications through DNA barcodes.” Proc Biol Sci. 2003;270(1512):313-321.